10 Frequently Asked Questions about Bariatric Surgery

What are the risks of bariatric surgery?

Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity, but like any surgical procedure, it carries risks. Common risks include complications such as bleeding, infection, blood clots, and respiratory problems. Other risks include procedure-specific complications like suture leaks, bowel obstructions, and gastric perforations. Bariatric surgery can also lead to long-term complications such as nutritional deficiencies, bone loss, weight regain, and psychological complications. Therefore, it's crucial that patients are informed of the risks before undergoing surgery and work closely with their medical team to minimize risks and maximize benefits. Informed consent is essential before making a decision about bariatric surgery.

What is the mortality risk associated with bariatric surgery?

Bariatric surgery is an obesity treatment that can help patients lose weight and improve their overall health. However, as with any surgical procedure, there's a risk of mortality. Mortality rates vary depending on the type of procedure, the patient's age, overall health status, and other factors. Data shows that the mortality risk is low, approximately 0.3%. However, it's important to consider the risks and benefits before deciding if it's the right option. Patients should discuss their options and medical history with their doctor before making an informed decision.

Which is better, Gastric Sleeve or Gastric Bypass?

The choice between gastric sleeve and gastric bypass depends on individual needs and the medical team's recommendations. Both procedures are effective in helping obese patients lose weight and improve overall health, but each has advantages and disadvantages.

Gastric sleeve surgery reduces the stomach's size. This allows patients to feel full more quickly and consume less food. Advantages include rapid weight loss, shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery. However, it's irreversible and can lead to complications such as acid reflux, ulcers, and inadequate weight loss.

Gastric bypass creates a small stomach and bypasses part of the small intestine. This reduces food consumption and alters nutrient absorption. Advantages include greater long-term weight loss, improved management of diabetes and heart disease, and the possibility of reversal. However, it's a more complex procedure requiring a longer hospital stay.

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Will bariatric surgery really help me lose weight?

Several types of bariatric procedures exist, but none work without patient effort and knowledge, along with support from an experienced bariatric team. Pre- and post-operative support is key to weight loss and maintaining healthy results.

This intervention helps patients commit to healthy lifestyle habits. Bariatric surgery can decrease hunger, a key difference from diet and exercise programs, which often fail. Losing weight is important, but the post-op results regarding the reduction of obesity-associated diseases are even more important. The goal isn't just to live longer, but to live better.

How do bariatric surgical procedures facilitate weight loss?

There are two categories of bariatric surgeries:

• Restrictive surgery: Restrictive surgeries reduce the stomach's size, limiting food and calorie intake. The intragastric balloon is a similar, non-invasive, temporary alternative.
• Malabsorptive surgery: Malabsorptive surgeries alter food digestion. Besides reducing stomach size, the gastrointestinal tract is rerouted to modify food absorption. Procedures include gastric bypass, mini gastric bypass, and duodenal switch.

Your surgeon can help determine the right type of bariatric surgery for you.

What is the age limit for bariatric surgeries?

The age limit varies according to medical organization recommendations and individual health. Generally, it's recommended for adults with a BMI of 40 or greater, or 35 to 39.9 with obesity-related health problems (diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea). For adolescents, the ASMBS guidelines recommend considering surgery only for those with serious obesity-related health problems who have reached sufficient physical and emotional maturity to follow postoperative recommendations.

There's no upper age limit; selection is based on health, not age. However, the risk of complications increases with age.

What conditions must be met to undergo laparoscopic surgery?

Bariatric surgeries are generally performed laparoscopically (minimally invasive). Almost all patients are candidates, but a personalized assessment is necessary. Major previous abdominal surgery is a contraindication. However, most interventions (cholecystectomy, appendectomy, hysterectomy, or cesarean section) do not usually prevent a laparoscopic approach.

What should I do before surgery to reduce the risk of complications?

Follow your specialist's instructions. Exercise improves circulation and reduces blood clot risk. A regular exercise program (at least half an hour of walking daily) is recommended. Reduce or stop smoking and alcohol consumption.

Regarding diet, avoid excessive eating before surgery. Any weight loss beforehand will make the intervention easier and safer.

How long will I be hospitalized after bariatric surgery?

Hospital stay depends on the procedure and individual recovery. Generally, it's one to two nights. For more complex procedures like gastric bypass, it may be three to four nights.

After hospitalization, patients are monitored regularly to ensure proper recovery and prevent complications. A strict diet and exercise regimen are implemented. Recovery time varies, but most patients resume normal activities within four to six weeks.

Bariatric surgery is major surgery; patients must strictly follow their medical team's instructions to maximize recovery and minimize complications. Significant lifestyle changes (healthy eating, regular physical activity, and ongoing medical follow-up) are necessary to maintain weight loss and long-term health.

How long will it take me to return to work after bariatric surgery?

Recovery time varies, but most patients return to work within four to six weeks. The return-to-work date depends on the type of work and your doctor's opinion.

Sedentary jobs allow for sooner returns (two to three weeks), while physically demanding jobs may require six weeks or more. Discuss the appropriate time with your doctor.

Side effects like fatigue and muscle weakness may affect work ability. Adhere to your medical team's recommendations and allow sufficient recovery time. Continue following postoperative guidelines for diet and physical activity.

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