How to Take Care of Your Thyroid Through Diet?

What is the Thyroid?

The thyroid is an endocrine gland

The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck. It's an endocrine gland responsible for hormone production. These hormones include triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin.

Triiodothyronine and thyroxine are involved in metabolism, while calcitonin regulates blood calcium levels. Several disorders can affect the thyroid and impair its function, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

The thyroid participates in the regulation of metabolism

T3 and T4 hormones influence our body's metabolism, affecting heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle tone. They also play a role in digestive and reproductive functions, child growth and development, and nervous system function.

Both T3 and T4 hormones are derived from the amino acid tyrosine, and their production requires iodine, an essential mineral. Iodine deficiency can lead to reduced production of these hormones.

Calcitonin is linked to calcium homeostasis. When blood calcium levels rise, the thyroid releases calcitonin, which lowers calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption and increasing kidney excretion.

Thyroid malfunction: alterations in thyroid function

Thyroid dysfunction can result from either an overproduction or underproduction of hormones. Hypothyroidism occurs when insufficient hormones are produced, while hyperthyroidism results from excessive production.

Hyperthyroidism can have various causes, the most common being Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder. Similarly, hypothyroidism is often caused by an autoimmune disease known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Symptoms vary depending on the specific thyroid condition.

What does the thyroid need to function well?

A healthy, balanced diet is crucial for thyroid health. This endocrine gland, located near the throat, produces T3 and T4 hormones essential for cellular function. Iodine is a key component in the production of these hormones.

What are the best foods for the thyroid?

Consume iodine-rich foods

Iodine is essential for thyroid function and can be obtained through iodized salt. Iodine deficiency can lead to decreased T3 and T4 production and potentially endemic goiter. The WHO recommends 5 grams of salt daily.

Consume foods that contain selenium

Selenium, found in oilseeds, plays a role in TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) production. Selenium deficiency increases the risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. A small handful of nuts daily often suffices.

Ensure sufficient zinc intake

Zinc is found in fish, meat, cereals (wheat germ and oats), legumes, and nuts and seeds (pumpkin, sesame, and sunflower). Seafood is an excellent source of both zinc and iodine. However, excessive iodine can cause hyperthyroidism.

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What are goitrogenic foods?

Goitrogenic foods can impair thyroid function, potentially leading to problems such as goiter, thyroid cancer, and nodules.

Which goitrogenic foods should be avoided for proper thyroid function?

Foods to avoid include:

• Soy: Excessive soy consumption can negatively impact the thyroid, reducing hormone production and potentially leading to hypothyroidism with symptoms such as slowed bodily functions, cognitive impairment, digestive issues, dry skin, nail and hair changes, heavy menstrual flow, and fertility problems.
• Cruciferous vegetables: Large and regular consumption of raw cruciferous vegetables (cabbage, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower) can interfere with iodine absorption and hormone synthesis, potentially leading to goiter.
• Pink salt: Pink salt does not contain added iodine and offers no significant advantage over iodized or sea salt.

The place of food supplements for the thyroid

Supplements containing iodine, selenium, and tyrosine can support thyroid function. However, always consult a thyroid endocrinologist before taking supplements, especially regarding potential drug interactions. Supplements are most effective when tailored to individual needs.

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