Testicular Ectopia

Testicular Ectopia Definition

The term cryptorchidism, also known as testicular ectopia, refers to the presence of a testicle in an abnormal position. In this situation, the testicle, which should normally be located in the scrotum, is found outside. Studies have shown that approximately 20% of premature babies may be affected by this anomaly. To prevent potential fertility problems, surgery performed by a qualified pediatric surgeon is recommended. Here is an overview of this operation, its procedure, and its consequences.

What is Testicular Ectopia in Tunisia?

When a testicle is not in its normal position, this is called testicular ectopia or cryptorchidism. This condition can affect one or both testicles simultaneously. Testicular ectopia is the most frequently diagnosed genital malformation in young boys. Prompt intervention is essential to prevent infertility or a risk of cancer in the child in adulthood. To better understand, it is important to distinguish between testicular ectopia and the oscillating testicle, also called the elevator testicle. The latter refers to the movement of the testicle between its usual position in the scrotum and an abnormal position between the abdomen and the scrotum.

Only a pediatrician can diagnose the child and determine whether it is actual cryptorchidism or an oscillating testicle. There is a problem called “testicular ectopia”, which usually manifests during the period of testicle formation of the fetus in its mother’s womb. As the pregnancy reaches term, the testicles, which form in the abdomen, naturally descend to their final location in the scrotum. However, in some cases, an anomaly occurs and the testicle will remain at the level of the abdomen or at the level of the inguinal canal.

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What are the causes of testicular ectopia?

Testicular ectopia is also known as ectopic testicle. This condition occurs when the testicle develops outside its normal position, for example in the groin or scrotum. Several factors can be at the origin of this condition. Generally, it is present from birth and is due to an abnormal development of the testicle during pregnancy. Normally, during the growth of the fetus, the testicles form near the kidneys, then gradually descend into the scrotum before birth. However, if this process is disrupted, the testicle may remain stuck in the groin or other parts of the abdomen. This is how one has testicular ectopia.

In adults, testicular ectopia can also be caused by acquired factors. Among these factors are, for example, trauma, infections or testicular tumors. To better illustrate, an injury to the groin, for example, can cause the testicle to move from its normal position. Testicular tumors can also cause testicular ectopia in mature men. However, it is important to note that the majority of testicular cancers develop in testicles that have normally descended into the scrotum. However, men with testicular ectopia are at a slightly higher risk of developing testicular cancer than those whose testicles have normally descended.

How does testicular ectopia affect fertility?

Testicular deviation, also known as ectopic testicle, has an impact on the ability to conceive, especially when this anomaly occurs in adulthood. Whether the anomaly is unilateral or bilateral, it can affect fertility. When it only affects one testicle, fertility can be maintained. However, it should be noted that the abnormal position of the ectopic testicle can impair its function. When a testicle is found outside the scrotum, it is exposed to harmful conditions such as heat and pressure, which can hinder sperm production. This situation can have a negative impact on the quantity and quality of sperm, thus leading to a decrease in fertility.

If both testicles are affected by this ectopia, fertility is even more likely to be seriously impaired. In addition, when no testicle is present in the scrotum, sperm production is often compromised, which can lead to infertility.

How is testicular ectopia diagnosed?

The concept of testicular ectopia, more commonly called ectopic testicle, refers to the situation where the testicles do not form in their natural location, but outside the groin or scrotum area. In order to diagnose this disorder, different methods are used. First, a thorough physical examination by a doctor is essential to detect the presence or absence of a testicle by carefully palpating the inguinal region and scrotum. To determine if a testicle is outside its normal location, an ultrasound can be used. This method allows for precise localization of the ectopic testicle and assessment of its condition.

If a testicle is missing in the scrotum, testicular ectopia may be suspected, but this suspicion must be confirmed by imaging examinations such as ultrasound. Indeed, this allows to confirm the precise location of the testicle and to determine if it is indeed outside its normal position. In some cases, more advanced assessments may be necessary. To improve the quality of images of testicular ectopia, advanced imaging methods can be used. This will allow to obtain more detailed and precise images.

What are the symptoms associated with testicular ectopia?

Testicular ectopia, also called ectopic testicle, is a disorder characterized by the development of a testicle outside its usual position in the groin or scrotum. The symptoms of this condition can vary and the use of an ultrasound can help make a diagnosis. One of the most frequent signs of testicular ectopia is the absence or presence of a missing testicle in the scrotum. During a physical examination, a doctor may find that a testicle is missing from its usual place and look for it in other parts of the body, such as the groin or abdomen. However, it is essential to note that some ectopic testicles can be detected in unusual locations.

Thanks to the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of testicular ectopia, it is possible to determine precisely the location of the ectopic testicle. This non-invasive imaging method uses sound waves to create images of the body’s internal organs. Indeed, it allows to precisely locate the ectopic testicle, whether it is in the groin, abdomen or any other part of the body. On some occasions, testicular deviation can manifest with symptoms such as pain or discomfort in the groin or abdominal area. This can be caused by the pressure exerted by the ectopic testicle on the surrounding tissues.

Testicular Ectopia in Tunisia: What to know before surgery

During the first consultation, the pediatrician will make his diagnosis simply by palpating the scrotum. Thanks to this simple and quick examination, the pediatrician will be able to confirm the absence of the testicle in its natural position (or the absence of both testicles). To accurately assess whether it is cryptorchidism or an oscillating testicle, several distinct examinations will have to be performed. In addition to these tests, the pediatrician will also perform a check to detect any other potentially related problem, such as an inguinal hernia. If no testicle is palpable in either the scrotum or the inguinal canal during the consultation, it is possible that they are located in the abdominal area, where they cannot be detected by simple palpation. The pediatrician may then request additional examinations such as an ultrasound to refine his diagnosis.

At what age should the surgery be performed?

To optimize the chances of success and thus guarantee future fertility, doctors recommend surgery. It allows to correct testicular ectopia from childhood, preferably before the age of one year. Of course, this early intervention is essential because it reduces the risks of long-term complications. However, there are situations where the intervention can be performed in adolescence or adulthood. This depends on the patient’s specific needs. The main purpose of this early procedure is to promote the normal development and proper placement of the testicle in the scrotum. Testicular ectopia can lead to various problems if the doctor does not treat it correctly. Among the complications are:

• sterility,
• infertility,
• a higher risk of testicular torsion
• an increased risk of the appearance of testicular tumors.

Ideally, the surgical intervention to correct testicular ectopia should be performed before the age of 1 year. Indeed, at this age, the testicle generally has better mobility. It therefore reacts better to surgical manipulations. This facilitates the process of reimplantation of the testicle in the scrotum.

How is testicular ectopia surgery performed in Tunisia?

In order to remedy testicular ectopia and restore the natural position of the testicles, surgical treatment is the most effective. It is recommended to opt for this intervention before the child reaches the age of 2.

The surgical procedure will mainly depend on the area of testicle migration:

• When the surgeon palpates the testicle in the inguinal canal, he performs an inguinal incision. Then, he is responsible for bringing the testicle down into the scrotum. If a child has a hernia, the doctor will treat it surgically during the same operation.
• In order to locate a non-palpable testicle, a laparoscopy is performed. The surgeon makes a small incision in the abdomen. He then inserts a mini-camera and explores the abdominal cavity in search of the missing testicle.

In terms of treatment, pediatricians prefer surgery because it offers the best chances of recovery. It is fast, lasting less than an hour, and ends with the placement of a drain. The young patient will remain hospitalized for one or two days after the intervention. Although there is an alternative treatment with hormone injections, it is rarely used nowadays. Indeed, its success rates are low and the risks of relapse are high. Consequently, surgery remains the preferred choice worldwide to ensure optimal healing.

What are the postoperative consequences?

Testicular ectopia surgery is a simple and minimally painful procedure that yields very good results. However, as with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of complications, although this is rare. These include, for example, infections, healing problems, and hematomas. Furthermore, before the operation, it is advisable to discuss potential risks with the surgeon. Once the child is discharged from the clinic, he should avoid physical activities such as cycling, swimming, or contact sports for a few weeks in order to minimize the risk of complications.

Contact and Quote Request

If you want to arrange testicular ectopia surgery for your child abroad and you want to organize your stay in Tunisia with a serious and experienced agency, trust the professionals of Tunisia Destination Santé. Our team is always at your disposal to assist and guide you through all the procedures. We are here to support you throughout the process of creating your file and organizing your stay. Do not hesitate to contact us for more information and to request a free quote without obligation.

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